Record player



June 5, 1951 p, wnQ 2,555,910

msconn PLAYER Filed May 7, 1945 4 Shets-Sheet 1 Arrow 1Y5 June 5, 1951 P, F, MLBER 2,555,910

RECORD PLAYER Filed May 7, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 @406 VENTOR.

ATTORNEYS June 1951 P. F. WILBER 2,

RECORD PLAYER Filed May '7, 1945 4 Sheets-Shani 3 INVENTOR. J0 1 1 I H BY II IHHHHHIIIIHI lllll '3 A. T TOP/Vi YS Patented June 5, 1951 UNITED ATES AT N Q FICE 155 email A ER Paul Binghamton, Application May 7, 1945, Serial No. 592,343

This invention relates to a machine for playing disk type phonograph records and morepartic'ii larly to a machine which automatically plays a succession of such records onboth faces thereof, the machine forming the subject of the invention being also adapted, however, for the'playing of records singly nnder manual control; for p ay ng the succession of records each on one face only; and for manual rejection of the playing ofany face of any record as may be desired.

This application is an improvement upon the application for patent of William A. Lynch for Method and Machine for Playing Disk-Type Phonograph Records, Serial No. 559,116, filed October 21, 1944.

In common with this Lynch application, one of the principal objects of the'invention is to provide such apparatus which does not require an increase in the size of the cabinet; as" pared with a drop record player playing 'a' succession of records from one side' only, andin which the apparatus forming the subject o'f'the invention does not'i'nterfere with the freelo'ading, linloading or other operations.

Also in common with'the said Lynch application, another object of the invention" is tofpnvid'e a simple and direct means of'effecting thenecfessary reversal in rotation of the record when played from its opposite sides, such means" also serving to support the record when played from one side and to transfer the record to its'positioh for playing on'the other side. Also in common with said Lynch application, another aim of'the invention is to providefsi ch amechanism for playing both sideslof a'siic-- cession of disk records which is adapted to" a large number of diiierent standard typeset automatic record players, particularly ofthetype knownas the drop record type.

Aiparticular object of the invention is to pro vide, in a machine in which one reco'idlis' driven from another record or fromthe empty t n:- table, a drive wherein the driven recordisro ted at'the same rate of speed as the driving record or turntable in spite of a limited amount of slip& page in the drive and inspite of the increased load on the turntable motor. By this neans'lthe driven record is playedat the samespieed asthe record on the turntable thereby'to playtheffacs of all records at the pitch in which they were recorded.

Another object is to provide, in suchamachine' in which one record is driven from another record orirom'theempty turntable, a drive wher n the 1 Claim. (01. 27 1-40 strained by the drive from wandering in playiris plane. This not only improves repra du'ctio but reduces'hole wear if the driven isceritered by'a center post.

a Aheihr bj t i Pm ide c a mach ne in which one record is driven from another record or from the empty turntable'by retractable els interposed between the driving recorder t 1111- table and thdiiyen record; a tire for the retractable Wheels by 'which slip age reduced a minimum; by which wear upon therec'or ds rid tires is .redueed to inwhich e a en e id ii e' f es are Pr v ded o'n'the tire.

. another object of the invention is to provide such apparatus ivhich'does not 'riequire suhst'an ia 'el i iof a d' a u ber Q t fi id types of drop record players in "contertinfgth'e same to a machine which will play.thesa e records from both faces thereofl Another object of the invention is to provide such a machine which is gentle'in its action and operates with the minimum wear uponthe rec-did as'w'ellas with the minimum likelihood hr trek;

v ingor otherwise injuringthe record.

Another object of the invention is to "provide such apparatus which is extremelydojv iiii 'cos t an D fi'ii s h ma u i ie n se ef in drop record type ofchanger embodyin the in vention at substantially the same price as a similar machine" which auto aaceuy plays fth'e re erds fromonly one side thereof.

"Another important objector theinvention is to provide'such an apparatus which is extra simple and rug ed in construction and "wrists a up under conditions of seve eand'e instant ,L Wit outgfitingoutjof1order or requirin Further objects and "advantages will from the following description and drawings in "E e- 1 is a t n v ew o the record cha g r embodying my invention.

Fig; 2 is a fragmentaryside elevation thereof.

rai read is ec ve i ie 1a I. re e i he e' v r n d l i hens; ii ai 3 and operation, the record changer shown in the drawings represents the type of record changer illustrated in said Lynch patent application Serial No. 559,716 in which the operating parts are mounted on a supporting plate or bed In which can be built into the cabinet of the record changer. A turntable l I for receiving the records [2 is shown as rotatably mounted on the supporting plate or bed H], the turntable having an axial shaft 13 fixed thereto and extending through the bed or supporting plate 13 and suitably journaled therein for this purpose. The turntable is shown as being rotated in the proper clockwise direction to play the upper face of a record 12- shown as played by a pickup at the outer end of a tone arm.l5. For the purpose of the invention the pickup is shown as having one stylus I3 extending downwardly and another stylus 15a extending upwardly. While each stylus is shown as being part of a double-pointed needle, it will be understood that each could be in the form of a jewel stylus forming a part of one or two pickups.

The opposite end of the tone arm is shown as mounted, by a horizontal pivot pin 23, on a pair of ears 2'! projecting upwardly from a supporting post 22, this post being suitably journaled in a support 23 carried by the bed or supporting plate [6. 'As best shown in Fig. 5, the lower end of this post 22 projects below the supporting plate [0 and has fixed thereto an arm 24 carrying a roller 25 at its end, this arm being moved to swing the tone arm out to permit of record changing and to move the tone arm horizontally to proper playing position as hereinafter described. To move the tone arm vertically in engaging it with or disengaging it from the proper record, a vertically sliding pin 26 is arranged in the post 22,

the upper end of this vertically sliding pin en' gaging a bracket 23 provided within the tone arm l5 between its pivotal mounting 23 and its free end so that raising the pin lifts the free end of the tone arm.

The tone arm I5 is controlled by a cam disk or gear wheel 30 which is rotatably mounted on the underside of the supporting plate or bed l3. The periphery of this cam disk or gear wheel is provided with gear teeth which are adapted to mesh with the teeth of a pinion 3| fast to the lower end of the turntable shaft l3. At diametrically opposite sides the gear wheel 30 is mutilated or unprovidedwith teeth, as indicated at 32. When either stylus of the tone arm is brought to playing position, one of these toothless or mutilated segments of the gear wheel 30 is in register with the pinion 3! on the turntable shaft. Consequently during the playing of the record the gear wheel 30 is out of engagement with the pinion 3| on the rotating turntable shaft I3 and the gear wheel 3!] remains stationary. When the stylus enters the central eccentric groove of the record means (not shown) are provided which efiect engagement between the pinion 3! and the teeth of the gear wheel 30 in consequence of which this gear wheel is rotated one-half of a revolution until the pinion 3| encounters the opposite toothless or mutilated portion 32 of the gear wheel when the gear wheel is again brought to rest.

During the initial part of each such half revolutionof the gear wheel 30, the salient part 33 of a face cam 34 on the cam wheel 33 comes into register with the vertically sliding pin 23 of the .4 pickup arm, one arm 35 of a bell crank lever being interposed between the lower end of this sliding pin 26 and the face of the cam 34, as best shown in Fig. 5, for a purpose which will presently appear. This salient part 33 of the face cam 34 provides a neutral position for the tone arm so that when the tone arm pin 26 and the arm 35 of the bell crank lever 36 is in engagement with this salientpart, both styluses of the tone arm are out'of engagement with a record. Thus upon completion of the playing ,of the upper face of the record l2 on the turntable H the engagement of the corresponding salient part 33 of the face with the record and to a neutral position where r it can be swung horizontally outward to an inoperative position.

To effect such horizontally outward swing of the tone arm to an inoperative position, the cam disk or gear Wheel 30 is provided on its upper face roller 25 to swing the arm 24, tone arm post 22 and tone arm Hi, the movement of the tone arm being from the center of the record to a position beyond the outer edge of the record. At this extreme position the roller 25 is also engaged by the radially inward face of the face cam 34 which controls the elevation of the tone arm, the tone arm being thereby momentarily locked in its ex treme outward inoperative position. Following this the roller 25 passes beyond the extremity of the cam 38 and the tone arm is free to be swun horizontally inward to initial record playing position by a positioning means (not shown).

The record player plays the opposite faces of succession of records and to this end a stack of the records I2 is threaded on the upper extremity of the turntable post or shaft l3 and is supported in this inoperative position by a pair of record release or escapement devices, commonly called slicers, which are actuated to drop one record at a time from the bottom of the stack for playing. These escapement devices are substantially identical and are arranged on diametrically opposite sides of the turntable II the same reference numerals being employed, the corresponding parts of the one escapement being distinguished from the other by the sufiix a. Each comprises a head 40, 40a fast to a vertical shaft 4|, 4la carried by a post 42, 4211 supported by the plate or bed II], the shafts 4|, 4Ia extending below this plate, as best shown in Fig. 3. Each head has a fixed horizontal blade 43, 43a projecting outwardly therefrom in opposed relation to the opposite escapement device and a flexible horizontal blade 44, 44a which is arranged substantially one record thickness above the fixed blade 43, 43a and in offset but overlapping relation thereto. The heads 4|], 40a are oscillated in opposite directions to release a record, the stack of records being supported by the blades 43, 43a and 44, 44a; In one extreme position the stack of records is supported by the fixed blades 43, 43a. As the heads 40, 4342 are rotated toward their opposite extreme positions the flexible blades44, 44a out between the lowest record and the next succeeding record. Onthe continued movement of the heads 46, Me, the fixed blades 43, 43a pass from under the lowermost record and hence this lowermost record is free to drop, the remainder of the stack of records being, however, supported on the flexible blades 44, Me. On the retrograde oscillation of the heads 46, 46c, the now lowermost record supported by the flexible blades 44, 44a is dropped onto the fixed blades 43, 43a for repetition of the cycle. It will therefore be seen that each time the shafts 4|, 4|a of the escapement devices are oscillated the lowermost record of the stack on the heads 46, 46a is dropped toward the turntable II.

To effect such oscillation of the escapement or slicer shafts 4|, 4|a, an arm 45 is fast to the lower end of the shaft 4! and an arm 45a fast to the lower end of the shaft Mo and these arms 45, 45a are cross connected by a link 46. Near its center this link 36 carries a pin 48 which is arranged in a slot 46 provided in the bifurcated or forked end of a horizontally swinging lever 56. This lever is pivoted at 5| to a stationary plate 52 which is suitably fixed to the supporting plate or bed I6 and this plate is arranged under the turntable shaft l3 and the adjacent part of the cam disk or gear wheel 36. The pivotal mounting 5| for the lever 56 is near its center and the opposite t anic table so as to be capable of supporting and rotating a record on the turntable post l3 when dropped by the slicers or escapement devices 46, 46a.

To rotate the posts 62, 62a, 62b so as to move the wheels 66, 66a, 66b from their operative position in which their axes intersect one another to their inoperative position wholly outside of the field of the records dropped by the slicers or escapement devices 46, 460;, the lower extremity of each of the posts 62, 62a, 62b is shown as slidingly journaled in a bearing bracket 64, 64a, 64b carried, by the supporting plate or bed I6 and above these bearing brackets two of the sliding posts 62, 622; are shown as provided with fixed arms 65, 65b and the third sliding post is provided with afixed arm 65a, this latter arm 65a being in the form of a segment. So that all of the posts 62, 6211,62?) are rotated to and from their operative positions in unison, one arm 65b is connected to one corner 0f the segmental arm 65a by a link 66 and. the

end of this lever 56 is provided with a roller 53 which projects upwardly therefrom into afigure 8 cam groove 55 provided eccentrically on the under side of the cam disk or gear wheel 36. With the figure 8 form of cam groove as shown it will be seen that each time the cam disk or gear wheel 36 is rotated a complete revolution, the salient and receding portions of the cam groove 55 through the roller 53 swings the arm 56 about its pivotal mounting 5| thereby to reciprocate the link 46 longitudinally. This movement of the link i 46 is transmitted through the levers 45, a and shafts 4|, 4M to oscillate the escapement heads 46, 46a in unison and thereby drop the lowermost record from the stack supported by the blades of these escapement heads, as previously described.

Means are provided for receiving, rotating, playing and releasing a record dropped from the escapement device, particularly, but not necessarily, to permit of playing of both sides of a succession of records. These means are shown as constructed as follows:

Three rubber tired wheels 66, 66a, 6612 are provided, each of which is mounted for free rotation on the end of a corresponding arm 6|, 6|a, Bib, this arm forming a continuation of the upper end of a corresponding vertical sliding post 62, 62a, 62b which is slidingly journaled in a corresponding vertical bearing 63 carried by the supporting bed or plate l6. Each arm 6|, 6 |a, Blb is arranged at a 7'7.5 angle to the post 62, 62a, 622) so that it is arranged at a 125 angle to th horizontal for a purpose which will presently appear. It will be seen from Fig. 4 that each post 62, 62a, 62b extends through its bearing 63, 63a, 63b and that this bearing permits its wheel 66, 66a, 66b to be raised and lowered from one dotted line position to the full line position shown and also permits the post to be swung from the full to the second dotted line position shown in this figure. The three posts 62, 62a, 62b are arranged adjacent the rim. of the turntable l at three points around this rim so that the wheels 66, 66a, 6611 can be swung to a position in which their axes intersect each other at the axis of rotation of the turnother arm 65 is connected to the other corner of the segmental arm 65a by a link 61. These links 66 and 61 are shaped so as not to interfere with any of the other mechanism in their operation.

The wheels 66, 66a, 661) are moved horizontally into operative position to receive a record dropped by the slicers or escapements 46, 46a and the swinging of the posts 62, 62a, 62b is in step with the movement of the slicers. This movement, of all of the posts 62, 62a, 62b is shown as effected by the simple expedient of connecting the arm 65a of one of the post 62a with the arm 45 of one of the slicer or escapement shafts 4| by a simple link 68.

The posts 62, 62a, 62b for the wheels 66, 66a, 66b are also moved vertically, the purpose of this, being to elevate the wheels 66, 66a, 66b to receive a record from the slicers or escapements 46, 46a; to lower this record into engagement with the upwardly extending stylus Ito and at the same time to engage the wheels 66, 66a, 661) with the turntable II or the top record l2 thereon and thereby secure a reverse rotation of the record supported on the Wheels 66, 66a, 66b; and to raise the record from engagement with the stylus |6a and the Wheels from driving engagement with the turntable or the top record thereon so that the wheels 66, 66a, 66b can be swung out to drop the record onto the turntable H for playing its upper face by the stylus |6. Toeifect this raising and lowering of the posts 62, 62a, 62b, means are provided which are preferably constructed. as follows:

The numeral 69 represents a triangular plate which is supported by a vertical pivot 16 secured to the underside of the stationary plate 52 and three rods H are pivotally secured to the three corners of this triangular plate 69, th other end of each of these rods being guided in an ear 72 depending from a corresponding bearin bracket 64, as best shown in Figs. 3 and 4, this rod being thereby arranged adjacent the corresponding post 62. A collar 73 surrounds each post 62, 62a, 62b and bears against the under side of its arm 65, 65a, 65b, this collar being loose so as not to interfere with the swinging of the post. A collar 14 is fast to each rod II and a link 75 connects each collar 14 with the corresponding collar 73. It will therefore be seen that when the triangular plate 69 is rotated counterclockwise, as viewed in Fig. 3, the three rods H are moved longitudinally outward, this movement, through the links 15, raising the posts 62, 62a, 62b from the dotted to the full line position shown in Fig. 4. Reverse rotation of the triangulanplate' 69, of course, effects a lowering of the posts 62, 62a, 62b to the dotted line position shown in Fig. 4.

To efiect this oscillation of the triangular plate 69 in proper sequence, the cam disk or gear wheel 30 is shown as provided on its underside with a cam 80, the effective salient and receding faces BI and 82 of which face radially outward. These salient and receding faces 8! and '82 are engaged by a roller 83 extending upwardly from one arm 84 of a bell crank lever 85,1this bell crank lever being secured at its center by a pivot 86 to the underside of the stationary plate 52. bell crank lever is connected to one corner of the triangular plate 69 by a link 89. It will be seen that the oscillation of the bell crank lever 85 by the salient and receding facesfll and 82 The other arm 88 of the l playing position it wil be seen that these wheels of the cam 86 is transmitted by the link-89 to effect a corresponding oscillation of the triangular plate 69 thereby to effect the raising and lowering of the wheels Ell, 60a, 50b as previously described.

The record player is adapted toplay the underside of the record rotatably supported on the wheels til, 60a, 601). To do this it is necessary to bias the tone arm upwardly to engage the stylus [6a. For this purpose the arm 90 of the bell crank lever 36 is shown as connected by a spring 9| and wire 92 to one extremity of the link 46 connecting the two slicer or escapement members 40, 40a. After dropping a record from the bottom of the stack on the escapement or slicers 40, 40a, the continued movement of the escapement mechanism, through the wire '92, tenses the spring 9| to raise and bias the horizontal arm 35, and hence the pin 26 and tone arm l5, upwardly. At this time the tone arm stylus [6a is positioned at the starting groove of the record and as the cam 89 effects the lowering of the wheels 60, Elia, 60b to engage the turntable I l, or uppermost record thereon, the record on the wheels 60, 60a, 66b is brought into engagement with the stylus i 6a and moves the tone arm downwardly against the resistance of the spring 91 to provide the necessary stylus pressure to properly play the underside of the record supported on the wheels 66, 60a, 60b.

The present invention is directed to the form and mounting of the wheels 60, 60a, 60b which act as the turntable for the record being played from its underside; as the means for receiving records from the overhead stack and transferring them to the turntable; as the motion transmitting and drive means particularly to drive the record supported thereon in a direction reverse to the record supported on the turntable and which forms the driving surface for the wheels; and as the stylus engaging means. In acting as the motion transmitting means in driving the record supported thereon from the upper surface of the record on the turntable H, or from the empty turntable, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 4, there is a certain amount of slippage of the wheels 60, 60a, 66b, particularly in the driving contact between the wheels 60, 60a, 60b and the driving record supported on the turntable ll. Further, if the motor I4 is designed to rotate the turntable H and the record supported thereon at the speed at which the record was recorded, when the additional load of the three wheels 68, 60a, 68b and another record supported thereon is imposed on the motor H, the speed of this motor may be reduced. From either cause the record supported and rotated by the three wheelsi6ll, 60a, 60b tends to rotate at a slower speed than a'record supported onthe free turntable ll. Hence the record supported by the wheels 60, 60a, 60b is played at a slower speed'and lower pitch than the records carried by the free turntable ll. V To compensate for such slippage and increased load upon the motorl4, the arms 62, 62a, 62b of each post 6|, 61a, 61b incline downwardly from the post, the angle of such inclination having been determined as being-injthe order of 12.5 from the horizontal. The axes of these arms intersect one another in the playing. position of the wheels 60, 60a, 60b and hence. in this slant inwardly to describe a smaller circle on the supported or driven record than on the supporting record or turntable II. Hence, when the wheels 6|], 60a, 66b are resting on a driving record on the turntable II and supporting another or driven record, it will be seen thatthe angularity of the wheels 60, 60a, tends to provide a stepup transmission tending to drive the driven record faster than the driving record. The angularity of the wheels 60, 69a, 60b is selected to just compensate for the slippage and increased load on the motor when the wheels 6|, 60a, 6012 are operative in supporting a record being played.

The rubber tires of'the wheelsv 60, 60a, 601) are also formed to function with minimum slippage andwear. To this end the periphery of each wheel, on the side facing the axis of rotation of the records, is beveled at an angle of 12.5 to the axis of the Wheels to provide a wide beveled face 96 which has full line contact with the upper face of the driving record on the turntable II. The rest 98 of the periphery of the tire engages the underside of the record supported by the wheels. As a result one face of the tire of each wheel 60, 60a, 60b is a broad driven face engaging the face of the driving record on the turntable and the other face is a driving face engaging the underside of the driven record.

A further important feature of the angularity of the wheels 60, 66a, 60b resides in the fact that this angularity tends to crowd the driven record to remain in one position and hence restrains the record from wandering in its playing plane. Thus, without the angularity of the wheels, the record supported on these wheels would tend to wander within the limits permitted by the centrepost [3. This not only interfered with the quality of the reproduction but also resulted in excessive centerhole wear on the record. With the inclined wheels 60, 60a, 601) if the record has an excessively large centerhole and is received in eccentric relation to the center post, the wheels 60, 60a, 60b tend to crowd it so as to retain it in this position so that no further hole wear takes place while the record is raging played supported on the wheels 60, 60a,

Operation Referring more particularly to the diagrammatic views, Figs. 6-11, which illustrate the sequence of operations of the record player, in Fig. 6 the apparatus is in starting position with the wheels 60, 60a, 60b raised and swung to a position out of the record zone and'with the tone arm I5 held with each stylus in vertical alinement with the starting grooves of the records l2, a stack of which is shown as having been threaded 15 on the turntable shaft I3 and supported by the blades 43, 48a and 44, 44a of the two slicer or escapement heads 40, 40a. No record is shown on the turntable ll although the presence of a stack of records on the turntable H would not affect the operation except that the wheels 60, 60a, 60b would be driven from the topmost record [2 of this stack instead of from the turntable directly and the record on the wheels 6!], Ella,

60?) would, of course, be played at a higher eleva- 4 tion. At this time the pinion 3| on the turntable shaft I3 is in engagement with the teeth of the cam disk or gear wheel 30 and hence the rotation of the turntable by its motor [4 immediately starts the rotation of the cam disk or gear wheel 30.

The cams on this cam disk or gear wheel 30 move the parts toward the position shown in Fig. 7. Thus, the roller 53 at the end of the forked arm 5|] is moved into the salient portion of the x figure 3 cam groove 55, this swinging this forked lever 50 counterclockwise about its pivot pin 5|, as viewed in Fig. 3, and reciprocating the link 46 to the right. This rotates the arms 45, 45a on the escapement or slicer shafts 4|, 4m clockwise and pushes the rod SE to the right. This rotates the segment 65a counterclockwise to effect a corresponding rotation of the sliding post 62a to which it is attached, and through the link 51 rotates one arm 65 and its post 62 counterclockwise and through the link 56 rotates the other arm 65b and its post 62b clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 3. Referring to Fig. 1, this rotation of the several posts swings the arms BI, 61a, Blb at the upper ends of the posts 62, 62a, 621) so that their axes intersect one another at the axis of the turntable shaft [3, and the wheels 6|], 60a, 60b are positioned as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 1, and beneath the stack of records I2 on the escapement or slicers 40, 40a, as shown in Fig. 7.

While this inward movement of the arms 6|, fila, 6| b and wheels 60, 60a, 60b is progressing, the clockwise movement of the arms 45, 4511 connected by the link 46, as viewed in Fig. 3, effects a corresponding movement of the escapement or slicer shafts 4 I, Met, thereby to rotate the escapement heads 40, 40a. counterclockwise, as viewed in the plan view, Fig. 1. This rotates these heads 40, 40a so as to bring their flexible blades 44, 44a between the lowermost and next higher record l2 of the stack and, when the heads 40, 40a, rotate far enough, their blades 43, 43a pass from under the lowermost record and permit it to drop, the balance of the stack being supported by the flexible blades 44, 44a. Since at this time the wheels 60, 60a, 60?) have been brought to the position shown in Fig. 7, as just described, the lowermost record so released falls upon the surfaces 98 of these wheels 60, 60a, 60b.

The extreme movement of the link 46 (Fig. 3) to the right, in so swinging the wheels 60, 60a, 60b to their operative positions and in actuating the escapement or slicer heads 40, 40a to so release the lowermost record of the stack, puts tension on the wire 92 and spring 9|. This in turn biases the upper or horizontal arm 35 (Fig. 5) of the bell crank lever 36 upwardly, thereby to move and yieldingly support the pin 26 and tone arm 15 to its elevated position shown in Fig. "I It will be noted from Fig. 5-, however, that while the tone arm I5 is so biased upwardly, the tone arm is free to be pressed downwardly against the resistance of this spring 9!, the upper arm 35 of the bell crank lever 36 being unsupported except for this spring 9|.

The continued movement of the cam disk or 10 gear wheel 39 brings the roller 83 at the end of one arm 84 of the bell crank lever 85 into engagement with the receding portion 82 of the radially facing cam 80. This permits this bell crank lever 85 to oscillate clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 3, about its pivot 85 thereby, through the link 89, rotating the triangular plate 69 clockwise. This permitted clockwise rotation of the triangular plate 69 permits the rods H to move inwardly. Referring to Fig. 4, it will be seen that the inward movement of each rod H (to the right), through the angular link 15, permits the collar l3 to lower and, since each sliding post 62, 52a, 52b is supported by its collar 13, each of these sliding posts 62, 62a, 62b and the wheel carried thereby is permitted to lower.

The first result of this lowering movement of the wheels 60, 80a, 60b is to effect engagement between the stylus 15a and the starting groove on the underside of the record I2 supported on the wheels 60, Ella, Still, this stylus being in proper register with this starting groove as previously described. The continued downward movement of the wheels 60, 60a, 50b operates to move the tone arm 15 downwardly against the resistance of the spring 9| which biases it upwardly as previously described. This serves to provide the desired stylus pressure in playing the underside of. the record on the wheels 60, 60a, 60b.

The final downward movement of the wheels 60, 50a, 65?) brings the surfaces 96 thereof into engagement with the turntable H, as shown in Fig. 8 (or with the uppermost of a pile of records supported thereon) to be wholly supported. thereby. This turntable is, of course, rotating clockwise and eifects a corresponding rotation of the three wheels 60, Ella, 65b. These wheels thereby become motion reversing devices, the record 12 supported by these wheels being rotated in the reverse direction to the turntable II and at the same rate of speed. The record [2 supported by the wheels 60, 69a, 60b is therefore rotated in the proper direction for playing its underside by the stylus Ida, the rubber tires on these wheels providing the necessary friction for driving these wheels from the turntable II or the uppermost record supported thereon and for driving the record [2 supported by these wheels 60, 60a, 6012. When this playing position of the parts is reached, the pinion 3| on the turntable shaft 13 encounters the mutilated or toothless part 32 of the gear wheel 35 and hence this cam disk or gear wheel remains stationary while the stylus [6a traverses the groove of the record and moves the tone arm l5 toward the center thereof.

In this playing position of the parts it will particularly be noted that the wheels 50, Ma, 6%, by reason of their inclination, traverse a smaller circle on the driven or supported rec 0rd than they do on the supporting record or empty turntable. These wheels thereby tend to step up the speed of rotation of the record supported thereby as compared with the speed fill, 60a, 63b and record supported thereby. In'

other words, the stepping up effect of the Wheels 60, 65a, 65b is calculated so that the driven record supported thereby is driven at the same speed as the free turntable. Hence, the record} supported and played on the wheels 60, Ma, 60b

11. is rotated at the same speed and has the same pitch as the'record supported on the freely rotating turntable. A further feature of the invention resides in the angular form of the faces 96 and 98 of the tires of the wheels 66, 6611,6612. Thus the relatively broad faces 96 constitute the driven faces contacting the driving record on the turntable and. have full bearing thereon. The other faces 98 serve as the driving faces rotatably supporting the driven record. These faces are separate and hence minimize wear and also make the wheels 60, 66a, 661) effective to step up the speed of the driven record without scuff or wear upon either the tires of the wheels 66, 60a; 60b or the records.

A further feature of the invention resides in the effect of the angularity of the Wheels 66, 66a, 60b in preventing wandering of the record supported thereby and hence in reducing record hole wear by the center post I3. Thus, if the record has an enlarged hole, it will be held against one side or the other of the post I3 by the inclined wheels 60, 60a, 66b and will not be permitted to wander with resultant enlargement of this hole.

When the stylus I6a reaches the central eccentric groove provided on the underside of the record I2 supported on the rotating wheels 66, 66a, 60b, the gear 3| fast to the turntable shaft I3'is caused to reengage the teeth of the cam disk or gear wheel thereby to rotate it a half revolution until the opposite mutilated or toothless part 32 of this gear Wheel is reached and the pinion 3| again rotates idly while a record plays.

The first effect of this half rotation of the cam disk 30 is to cause the roller 83 of the bell crank lever 85 to ride up on the salient part BI of the radially facing cam 86. This rotates the bell crank lever 85 counterclockwise about its pivot 86, as viewed in Fig. 3, and, through the link 89, effects a similar rotation of the triangular plate 69 about its pivot 16. This counterclockwise rotation of the triangular plate 69 pushes out each of the three rods II axially. As best shown in Fig. 4, this outward or to the left axial movement of each rod II, through the link I5, pushes upwardly on the loose collar 13 thereby to raise the correspond ing arm 65, 65a, 65b and the sliding post 62, 62a, 62b to which this arm is fast. The upward movement of each of the sliding posts 62 62a, 62b raises the wheels 66, 66a 66b carried thereby and disengages these wheels from the top of the turntable II so that these wheels 66, 66a, 66b and the record I2 supported thereon stop rotating. The continued upward. movement of the sliding posts 62, 62a, 62b lifts the recordIZ on its wheels 66, 66a, 691) above the highest point to which the stylus I6a can follow, this stylus and its tone arm still being biased upwardly by the spring 9|. This position of the parts is illustrated in Fig. 9.

The rotation of the cam disk or gear wheel 36 also brings the receding portion of the figure 8 camgroove 55 into engagement with the roller at the end of the forked lever 56, thisrotating this forked lever 50 clockwise about its pivot 5|, as viewed in Fig. 3, and shifting the link 46 to the left.

The first effect of this retrograde movement of this link 46 to the left, as viewed in Fig. 3,

is to relieve the tension on the wire 92 and l the tone arm I5.

toothless portion 32 of the cam disk or gear wheel so that its horizontal arm 35 drops into engage ment with the salient part 33 of the face cam 34 which at this time has been moved into axial alinement with the pin 26 which supports The tone arm is supported by this salient portion of the face cam 34 in a neutral vertical position in which position it can be swung outwardly to a position outside of the record zone. This is done by the corresponding cam 38 engaging the roller 25 at the end of the lever 24 fast to the post 22. This cam 38 swings the arm 24 outwardly or clockwise, as viewed in Fig. 3, and hence swings the tone arm I5 counterclockwise, as viewed in Fig. 1, to the full line position there shown.

The second effect of this retrograde movement'of the link'46 to the left, as viewed in Fig. 3, is to' effect a retrograde movement of the blades 43, 43a and 44, 44a of the two escapement or slicer heads 46, 46a in preparation for again dropping the lowermost record from the stack'supported thereon.

The third effect of this retrograde movement of the link 46 to the left, as viewed in Fig. 3, is to draw' upon the link 68 thereby to rotate the segment shaped arm a clockwise. Through the links 66 and 61 this rotates the companion arms 65, 65b and the sliding posts 62, 62a, 62b to which these arms 65, 65a, 651) are fast, in the direction to swing their horizontal arms 6|, 6Ia, 6Ib and the wheels 60, 66a, 66b carried thereby outwardly from the dotted to the full line position shown in Fig. 1 As the wheels 69, 66a, 6% move out of axial alinement with the turntable shaft I3, the opposing portions of their periphery present a widening funnel-shaped support for the edge of the record I2 carried by the wheels 60, 60a, 60b. As this funnel-shaped support widens through the spreading of the wheels 60, 60a, 66b the record is gently lowered until it reaches alinement with the axes of the wheels, when it drops from the opposing edges of the wheels 60, 66a, 60b onto the turntable II, as shown in Fig. 10.

-The tone arm I5 is then swung inwardly to position its stylus I6 above the starting groove on the upper face of the record, following which a receding portion of the face cam 34 comes into axial alinement with the pin 26 (Fig. 5). This lower and rest upon the upper face of the record on the' turntable I I, as shown in Fig. 11, the

stylus I 6 entering the starting groove thereof. When this occurs the'corresponding mutilated or 36 reaches the gear 3| on the turntable shaft I3 so that the cam disk or gear wheel 30 stops While the record is being played.

When the stylus I6 reaches the central eccentri'c groove of the record on the turntable the means (not shown) are actuated to reengage the pin 3| on the turntable shaft with the teeth of the cam disk'or gear wheel 36 thereby to start 65 the rotation of this cam disk. The initialrotation of the cam disk brings its corresponding cam 38 into engagement with the roller 25 to swing the arm 24, post 22, pin and tone arm I 5 outwardly so that the tone arm is again brought:

70 to ap'osition outside of the record zone. The- 'tone arm I5 is then moved horizontally intoalinement with the starting grooves of the records I2, this being the starting position assumed inthis description and shown in Fig. 6.

spring 9|, this releasing the bell crank lever 36 Z5 Thiscycle of operations is then repeated, the

stacked records on the slicers or escapements 40, 40a being played successively each first on its under face and then on its upper face until the entire stack has been played. The slicer or escapement heads 40, 40a are then manually swung to one side in a manner well known in the art and the played stack removed from the turntable and a fresh stack placed upon the escapement heads.

It will be noted that as the records pile up on the turntable II the records are played at progressively higher elevations. However, the upward biasing of the spring 9i insures proper engagement of the stylus lBa with the underside of the records on the wheels 68, 60a, Bill) at all elevations and since the stylus i6 is engaged with the upper face of the records on the turntable II by merely lowering the tone arm no operating difficulty is encountered because of this condition.

It will be seen that the rollers 60, 68a, 60b which engage the under faces of the records have a number of important functions. They serve as a substitute for a turntable and could be used as such in any type of record player. They also serve as a rotatable support for the record which enables the playing of the undersides of the records. They also serve as a means for receiving the records from an overhead stack and supporting the records in an intermediate position in which they can be played. They also serve as a motion transmitting means, particularly to secure a reversal in the rotation of the record supported thereon by the simple expedient of engaging the wheels with a turntable arranged thereunder or with the uppermost record supported thereon. They also serve as a step-up transmission to effect a more rapid rotation of the supported record to compensate for slippage of the wheels as well as to compensate for the increased load on the driving motor by these wheels and the record supported thereby. Further, this speed step-up is provided by inclining the wheels in such manner that they tend to prevent wandering of the record with resultant hole wear where a center post is employed. The wheels 60, 60a, 6012 also serve as a means for lowering a record into engagement with an upstanding stylus. The wheels also serve as a gentle record stacking means, the outward swing of the wheels providing an enlarging funnel-shaped support for the record carried by the wheels which gradually lowers the supported record until the wheels clear the edges of the record. The wheels also serve, of course, as a clutch to receive a non-rotating record, and to start and stop its rotation in the desired sequence. The wheels also act as a speed regulator inasmuch as the rotation of the record supported by the wheels is, because of the angularity of the wheels, the same as the speed of the turntable. Further, the wheels 60 act as automatic positioning means which operate to automatically position the record thereon at the proper playing elevation regardless of the number of records stacked upon the turntable.

As previously pointed out, the wheels 60, 60a and 601) are driven by contact with the upper face of the turntable II, as shown in Fig. 8, or by contact with the upper face of one or more records on this turntable. The term turntable or turntable member as used in the accompanying claim is therefore intended to include the turntable per so with or without records thereon.

From the foregoing it will be seen that the angular arrangement and form of the wheels 60, 60a, 60b serves to drive the driven record at the same speed as the normal speed of the turntable in spite of slippage of these wheels and their added drag on the motor, whereby the succession of records are played at the same speed. Further, this step-up is accomplished without scuff or wear upon the wheels or records and by an arrangement of the wheels which also tends to I claim as my invention:

In a disk record player, means for supporting the record to rotate in a non-vertical plane, comprising a plurality of wheels arranged with their axes directed generally toward the axis of rotation of said record and drivingly engaging the under face of said record to revolve and support it in said plane, said record resting on and being supported by gravity on said wheels, a turntable member arranged below said wheels generally concentric with said record, means for raising and lowering said wheels as a group in timed relation to the playing of a record to efiect engagement and disengagement between the peripheries of said wheels and the upper face of said turntable member, comprising a sliding post supporting each of said wheels, means interconnecting said posts to raise and lower them in unison and cam means actuating said interconnecting means, means for rotating said turntable member to drive said wheels so engaged therewith, the axes of said wheels being angularly disposed with reference to the plane of said record to urge said record toward a greater angular speed than the angular speed of said turntable member, and a pickup arranged above said turntable member and below said record supported on said wheels and including a stylus engageable with the underside of said record.

PAUL F. WILBER.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 197,472 Hunt Nov. 27, 1877 1,547,768 Little July 28, 1925 2,132,801 Perruca Oct. 11, 1938 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 541,156 Great Britain Nov. 14, 1941 11.9 0 Swed n Ju y 2' 1 44 

